Features and advantages of servo motor

2021-11-29

Servomotor refers to the engine that controls the operation of mechanical components in the servo system. It is an indirect variable speed device for auxiliary motor. The servo motor can control the speed and position accuracy very accurately, and can convert the voltage signal into torque and speed to drive the control object. The rotor speed of the servo motor is controlled by the input signal and can react quickly. In the automatic control system, it is used as an executive component and has the characteristics of small electromechanical time constant, high linearity, starting voltage, etc. It can convert the received electrical signal into the angular displacement or angular speed output on the motor shaft.

Servo motor is divided into DC servo motor and AC servo motor.

DC servo motors are divided into brushless and brushless motors. Brushless motor has low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed range, easy control, and needs maintenance, but it is easy to maintain (replace carbon brush), which generates electromagnetic interference, and has environmental requirements. Therefore, it can be used in common industrial and civil occasions that are sensitive to costs.

Brushless motor has small volume, light weight, large output, fast response, high speed, small inertia, smooth rotation and stable torque. The control is complex and easy to realize intellectualization. Its electronic commutation mode is flexible and can be square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. The motor is maintenance-free, high efficiency, low operating temperature, low electromagnetic radiation, long life, and can be used in various environments.

AC servo motor is also a brushless motor, which is divided into synchronous and asynchronous motors. At present, synchronous motor is generally used in motion control. Its power range is large, and it can achieve large power. Large inertia, low maximum rotational speed, and rapidly decrease with the increase of power. Therefore, it is suitable for applications with low speed and smooth operation.

The rotor inside the servo motor is a permanent magnet. The U/V/W three-phase electricity controlled by the driver forms an electromagnetic field. The rotor rotates under the action of this magnetic field. At the same time, the encoder provided by the motor feeds back the signal to the driver. The driver compares the feedback value with the target value and adjusts the rotor rotation angle. The accuracy of servo motor depends on the accuracy of encoder (number of lines).

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